Complete Subject Question Bank
Which agile methodology divides the development into sprint cycles, in which a Specified set of features are delivered? Choose from the following:
Scrum uses time-boxed sprints delivering a potentially shippable increment.
What are the roles in dynamic system development method? Choose from the following:
DSDM roles include Scribe Facilitator and Technical Coordinator among others.
State true or false. During agile development more emphasize is given for documentation
Agile values working software over comprehensive documentation.
Which of the following agile methodologies depends on the cohesiveness of the team and individual commitment of the team members?
XP relies on collective ownership and pair programming which demand strong individual commitment.
_____ methodology focus on visualization fiow
Kanban visualises workflow on boards and limits WIP to improve flow.
__________ is an iterative and incremental approach that embraces principles of agile development, including continuous user/customer involvement.
DSDM is an iterative, incremental agile method with continuous user involvement.
________ is the process during which the changes of a system are implemented in a controllable manner by following a predefined model, with some reasonable modifications.
Change Management governs how changes are proposed, assessed, approved and implemented.
the options select the configuration items that are eligible for configuration management
All four — Test Report, Design Document, Source code, and SRS — are configuration items.
Which is the software configuration concept that ensures that change should be done in a controlled and authorized environment
A baseline is a formally approved version that changes only via controlled procedures.
____________ ensures that when two different people does the work and update parallelly, one should not over write the other
Synchronization control manages concurrent edits and prevents overwrites.
Tom and Peter works on the same project. Tom does his work and update the local copy back to the configuration management server. This process is called as
Check-in uploads local changes back to the version control server.
Collaborative and co-operative approach among all the stake holders is important. This is a feature of the _______________ Agile Methodology
DSDM emphasises active user involvement and stakeholder collaboration.
Which of these is not an agile methodology
The Spiral model is an SDLC model, not an Agile methodology.
Scrum divides the development into short cycles called as ______
Scrum uses time-boxed Sprint Cycles.
________ methodology is useful when the client requirements are not clear and stable
Agile accommodates evolving requirements through iterative delivery.
DSDM is iterative and incremental
DSDM delivers in increments and iterates for refinement.
_____ helps to uncover unexpected patterns and associations from all data within an organization
Data Mining uncovers hidden patterns and associations across organisational data.
To understand the best course of action for a problem is ____
Prescriptive Analytics recommends the best course of action.
______ is the Process of discovering various models, summaries and derived values from a given collection of data
Data Mining discovers models, summaries and derived values from data.
Analytics reveal hidden patterns in _____
Analytics reveal hidden patterns in data.
____ layer in busness analytics indicate what is happening or what has happened
Descriptive Analytics describes what is happening or has happened.
In _____ Allows decision makers at virtually all levels of the organization to gain insight into business performance and data to support and guide actions.
Business Intelligence provides insights to guide decisions at all levels.
____ layer describes what could happen
Predictive Analytics describes what could happen in the future.
A metric should be time bound
A good metric is time-bound so progress can be measured within a defined period.
____ is an important measure of how well an organization meets or exceeds a customer's expectations
Customer Satisfaction (CSAT) measures how well an organisation meets customer expectations.
_____ is the subject matter area on which reports revolve around.
A Subject Area defines the domain around which reports are built.
The most common form of KPI reporting is ____
Dashboards are the most common KPI reporting format.
Units per hour is an example of what KPI
Units per hour measures productivity output.
Which is not a KPI
Employee name is a data attribute, not a performance indicator.
_____ helps an organization to define and measure progress towards organizational goals.
KPIs help define and measure progress towards organisational goals.
Expand KSI
KSI stands for Key Success Indicator.
____ refiect the success or failure after an event has been consumed
Lagging indicators reflect outcomes after an event has occurred.
_______in design thinking is a written, actionable statement that expresses the problem that the design team is trying to address.
A Point of View (POV) statement captures the problem in an actionable form.
Researching Your Users' Needs is done in which phase
The Empathize phase involves research to understand user needs.
Challenge Assumptions and Create Ideas is done in
The Ideate phase challenges assumptions and generates ideas.
Analyzing how users interact with their environment is a ____ activity in Empathize
Observation of users in their environment is a core Empathize activity.
Stating Your Users' Needs and Problems is done in which phase
The Define phase synthesises research into a clear problem statement.
____ is an iterative process in which we understand the users clearly
Design Thinking is an iterative process centred on deeply understanding users.
Which is not a phase in design thinking
Execution is not a standard Design Thinking phase; the 5 phases are Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test.
Design Thinking is focusing on the stated problem than to arrive at a solution immediately
Design Thinking deliberately avoids jumping to solutions — it first deeply understands the problem.
Pipe uses a script that lives in a Docker container
In Bitbucket Pipelines, each pipe is a Docker container containing a reusable script.
Which of the following CI/CD tools is designed to handle anything from a simple CI server to a complete CD hub?
Jenkins is described as handling anything from a simple CI server to a complete CD hub.
Which of the following uses a version control system and a central code repository for tracking the code changes made by developers?
Continuous Integration uses a VCS and central repository to track developer changes.
You can either define the pipeline using YAML syntax or through the user interface in Azure pipeline
Azure Pipelines supports both YAML-defined pipelines and the classic UI editor.
In GitLab, pipes are agents that run the CI/CD Jobs
In GitLab, Runners (not pipes) are the agents; pipes are reusable step templates. The statement is false.
Which of the following CI/CD tools is suitable for small projects?
Travis CI is lightweight and popular for small/open-source projects.
In _________, developed code is continuously delivered until the programmer considers it is ready to ship.
Continuous Delivery keeps code deployable; the programmer decides when to ship.
The __________is used to record the code changes made by developers so that these changes can be shared to others
A Version Control System (VCS) records all developer changes for sharing.
In Continuous Integration, build status is reported to developers when they are changing the code.
CI pipelines report build status immediately as developers push code changes.
The applications with Azure CI/CD pipelines can be deployed to multiple target environments
Azure Pipelines supports multi-stage deployments to multiple environments.
In which of the following, there is no human intervention and only a failed test will prevent a new change to be deployed to production?
Continuous Deployment automatically releases every passing change to production.
In YAML file used for BitBucket pipeline, you can use different types of container for each step by selecting different images
Bitbucket Pipelines YAML allows specifying a different Docker image per step.
Which of the following is the final phase of the DevOps cycle?
Monitoring is the final phase, feeding insights back to planning.
Which of the following CI/CD tools is a continuous integration server developed by Atlassian?
Bamboo is Atlassian's CI/CD server.
In which of the following pipelines, all the new changes run through a consistent set of quality checks?
CI pipelines run every change through automated quality checks.
Each service runs in its own process and communicates with other services through a well-defined interface in Microservices
Microservices are independently deployable services communicating via APIs.
Which of the following CI/CD toolsprovides support for .Net framework?
Azure DevOps (Azure Pipelines) has native .NET Framework support.
Which of the following CI/CD tools is known for its ease of setup, out-of-the-box usability, and beautiful user interface?
CircleCI is known for ease of setup and a polished UI.
Before DevOps, there is a significant delay between development and operations
Before DevOps, dev and ops operated in silos causing deployment delays.
DevOps culture is about agility, scalability, continuous improvements in the delivery of services.
DevOps culture promotes agility, scalability, and continuous improvement.
In the Blue/Green deployment, once testing has been completed on the blue environment, live application trafic is directed to the blue environment and the green environment is deprecated.
In Blue/Green, traffic switches to the new (green) environment; the old (blue) is deprecated.
Using a blue/green deployment strategy increases application availability and reduces deployment risk by simplifying the rollback process if a deployment fails.
Blue/Green deployments enable instant rollback by switching traffic back.
DevOps bridges the gap between development and operations teams.
DevOps integrates development and operations workflows to speed delivery.
With Continuous Delivery, production happens automatically without explicit approval.
Continuous Delivery requires manual approval to release; Continuous Deployment is automatic.
A Blue/Green deployment is a deployment strategy in which you create two separate, but identical environments.
Blue/Green uses two identical environments to minimise downtime.
An Elastic stack can be created to automatically monitor the application and logs.
The ELK/Elastic stack centralises log collection and application monitoring.
Unit Testing tests individual units or components of a code written by the developer to validate if they perform as expected.
Unit tests verify individual functions or components in isolation.
Infrastructure-as-Code tools are used to create software environments using predefined templates.
IaC tools (Terraform, Ansible) provision infrastructure from code templates.
Replacing or modifying older apps with newer microservices architecture can open up the doors to faster development and quicker innovation.
Microservices decompose monoliths enabling independent deployment and faster delivery.
Runtime protection means securing software against threats that can arise when your application starts running.
Runtime protection addresses threats at execution time, e.g., RASP.
Use a SAST tool to ensure that your code is secure, safe, and reliable.
SAST tools analyse source code statically to find security vulnerabilities.
Vulnerability Scanning ensures that code is checked for vulnerabilities at every major stage of the delivery pipeline from the time it is written to, when it is deployed into production.
Continuous vulnerability scanning catches issues throughout the SDLC pipeline.
Employing both SAST and DAST in a pipeline would cover both codebase and runtime vulnerabilities.
SAST covers static code; DAST covers runtime — together they give broader coverage.
DSOMM strives to incrementally increase the effectiveness of a security program from Level 1 to Level 4.
DSOMM (DevSecOps Maturity Model) defines four maturity levels.
DSOMM Level 1 calls for the execution of static analysis tools without any changes to the tools or settings.
DSOMM Level 1 is basic: run default static analysis tools unchanged.
During the development phase in secure SDLC, teams need to make sure that they use secure coding standards.
Secure coding standards reduce vulnerabilities introduced during development.
Security issues can be addressed in the SDLC pipeline well before deployment to production.
Shifting security left means catching issues early in the pipeline.
Implementing SCA ensures that all of the components in your applications are secure and compliant.
Software Composition Analysis (SCA) checks open-source components for known vulnerabilities.
SAC tools can both spot any security weak points and suggest potential solutions based on the entire code base.
Static Analysis Code (SAC) tools detect and suggest fixes for code vulnerabilities.
Any component that has the potential to adversely impact cyber supply-chain risk is a candidate for Component Analysis.
Component Analysis assesses supply-chain risk from third-party dependencies.
Bill Of Materials (BOM) describe the components included in applications, the version of the components used, and the license types for each.
A Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) inventories components, versions, and licenses.
SAST is performed at the static level ensuring that code guidelines are followed without actually executing the application.
SAST analyses source code without running it — white-box testing.
SAST tools examine the source code at rest to detect and report on potential security vulnerabilities.
SAST tools scan source code statically to detect security flaws.
Static Application Security Testing (SAST) is also known as 'black box testing.
SAST is 'white-box' testing (code visible); DAST is 'black-box' testing.
Static code analyzers help to define project specific rules to ensure that all developers follow them without any manual intervention or sidetracking.
Static analysers enforce coding rules automatically across the team.
Ansible leverages SSH to communicate between servers.
Ansible uses SSH (agentless) to connect to and configure remote servers.
Ansible is an example of a pull based configuration management tool.
Ansible is push-based — it pushes configs to nodes over SSH.
You can also use Ansible Automation Platform for configuration management to maintain your systems in the desired state.
Ansible Automation Platform supports full configuration management.
Configuration drift occurs when ad-hoc configuration changes and updates result in a mismatched development, test, and deployment environments.
Configuration drift happens when environments diverge from their intended state.
In Push Based Configuration Management System, nodes pull the configuration information from the server.
In push-based systems, the server pushes configs to nodes — nodes do NOT pull.
InSpec can also run as a series of automated tests that execute as part of your standard release pipelines.
InSpec integrates into CI/CD pipelines as automated compliance tests.
Once you have categorized and prioritized vulnerabilities, break down your remediation process into bite-size chunks to make them more manageable and effective.
Breaking remediation into manageable pieces improves focus and progress.
Chef Automate is an integrated solution for managing and deploying infrastructure and applications.
Chef Automate provides a unified platform for infrastructure and app management.
In Inspec uses a client-server model.
InSpec is agentless and does not use a client-server model.
InSpec tests can be easily added to act as a quality gate for compliance.
InSpec tests can gate pipelines to enforce compliance requirements.
With Chef Automate, you can run your InSpec compliance tests on demand, see the results on the dashboard, and remediate the problem.
Chef Automate provides on-demand InSpec scanning with dashboard results.
ServerSpec lets you to include metadata about your compliance rules.
InSpec (not ServerSpec) supports rich metadata in compliance profiles.
Vulnerability scanning tools can be used to identify specific local users and groups.
Vulnerability scanners can enumerate local accounts as part of their checks.
_____ helps to uncover unexpected patterns and associations from all data within an organization
Data Mining uncovers hidden patterns and associations across organisational data.
______ is the Process of discovering various models, summaries and derived values from a given collection of data
Data Mining discovers models, summaries and derived values from data.
To understand the best course of action for a problem is ____
Prescriptive Analytics recommends the best course of action.
____ layer describes what could happen
Predictive Analytics describes what could happen in the future.
Analytics reveal hidden patterns in _____
Analytics reveal hidden patterns in data.
____ layer in busness analytics indicate what is happening or what has happened
Descriptive Analytics describes what is happening or has happened.
_____ Allows decision makers at virtually all levels of the organization to gain insight into business performance and data to support and guide actions.
Business Intelligence provides insights to guide decisions at all levels.
A metric should be time bound
A good metric is time-bound so progress can be measured within a defined period.
____ is an important measure of how well an organization meets or exceeds a customer's expectations
Customer Satisfaction (CSAT) measures how well an organisation meets customer expectations.
Units per hour is an example of what KPI
Units per hour measures productivity output.
_____ is the subject matter area on which reports revolve around.
A Subject Area defines the domain around which reports are built.
The most common form of KPI reporting is ____
Dashboards are the most common KPI reporting format.
Which is not a KPI
Employee name is a data attribute, not a performance indicator.
_____ helps an organization to define and measure progress towards organizational goals.
KPIs help define and measure progress towards organisational goals.
____ reflect the success or failure after an event has been consumed
Lagging indicators reflect outcomes after an event has occurred.
Expand KSI
KSI stands for Key Success Indicator.
Challenge Assumptions and Create Ideas is done in
The Ideate phase challenges assumptions and generates ideas.
Analyzing how users interact with their environment is a ____ activity in Empathize
Observation of users in their environment is a core Empathize activity.
Researching Your Users' Needs is done in which phase
The Empathize phase involves research to understand user needs.
_______in design thinking is a written, actionable statement that expresses the problem that the design team is trying to address.
A Point of View (POV) statement captures the problem in an actionable form.
Stating Your Users' Needs and Problems is done in which phase
The Define phase synthesises research into a clear problem statement.
____ is an iterative process in which we understand the users clearly
Design Thinking is an iterative process centred on deeply understanding users.
Which is not a phase in design thinking
Execution is not a standard Design Thinking phase; the 5 phases are Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test.
Design Thinking is focusing on the stated problem than to arrive at a solution immediately
Design Thinking deliberately avoids jumping to solutions — it first deeply understands the problem.
In GitLab, pipes are agents that run the CI/CD Jobs
In GitLab, Runners (not pipes) are the agents; pipes are reusable step templates. The statement is false.
You can either define the pipeline using YAML syntax or through the user interface in Azure pipeline
Azure Pipelines supports both YAML-defined pipelines and the classic UI editor.
Pipe uses a script that lives in a Docker container
In Bitbucket Pipelines, each pipe is a Docker container containing a reusable script.
Which of the following CI/CD tools is designed to handle anything from a simple CI server to a complete CD hub?
Jenkins is described as handling anything from a simple CI server to a complete CD hub.
The __________is used to record the code changes made by developers so that these changes can be shared to others
A Version Control System (VCS) records all developer changes for sharing.
In _________, developed code is continuously delivered until the programmer considers it is ready to ship.
Continuous Delivery keeps code deployable; the programmer decides when to ship.
Which of the following uses a version control system and a central code repository for tracking the code changes made by developers?
Continuous Integration uses a VCS and central repository to track developer changes.
In Continuous Integration, build status is reported to developers when they are changing the code.
CI pipelines report build status immediately as developers push code changes.
Which of the following CI/CD tools is suitable for small projects?
Travis CI is lightweight and popular for small/open-source projects.
In which of the following, there is no human intervention and only a failed test will prevent a new change to be deployed to production?
Continuous Deployment automatically releases every passing change to production.
Which of the following is the final phase of the DevOps cycle?
Monitoring is the final phase, feeding insights back to planning.
In YAML file used for BitBucket pipeline, you can use different types of container for each step by selecting different images
Bitbucket Pipelines YAML allows specifying a different Docker image per step.
Which of the following CI/CD tools is a continuous integration server developed by Atlassian?
Bamboo is Atlassian's CI/CD server.
Which of the following CI/CD tools is known for its ease of setup, out-of-the-box usability, and beautiful user interface?
CircleCI is known for ease of setup and a polished UI.
Before DevOps, there is a significant delay between development and operations
Before DevOps, dev and ops operated in silos causing deployment delays.
The applications with Azure CI/CD pipelines can be deployed to multiple target environments
Azure Pipelines supports multi-stage deployments to multiple environments.
In which of the following pipelines, all the new changes run through a consistent set of quality checks?
CI pipelines run every change through automated quality checks.
Each service runs in its own process and communicates with other services through a well-defined interface in Microservices
Microservices are independently deployable services communicating via APIs.
Which of the following CI/CD toolsprovides support for .Net framework?
Azure DevOps (Azure Pipelines) has native .NET Framework support.
Using a blue/green deployment strategy increases application availability and reduces deployment risk by simplifying the rollback process if a deployment fails.
Blue/Green deployments enable instant rollback by switching traffic back.
In the Blue/Green deployment, once testing has been completed on the blue environment, live application traffic is directed to the blue environment and the green environment is deprecated.
In Blue/Green, traffic switches to the new (green) environment; the old (blue) is deprecated.
DevOps culture is about agility, scalability, continuous improvements in the delivery of services.
DevOps culture promotes agility, scalability, and continuous improvement.
With Continuous Delivery, production happens automatically without explicit approval.
Continuous Delivery requires manual approval to release; Continuous Deployment is automatic.
A Blue/Green deployment is a deployment strategy in which you create two separate, but identical environments.
Blue/Green uses two identical environments to minimise downtime.
DevOps bridges the gap between development and operations teams.
DevOps integrates development and operations workflows to speed delivery.
Unit Testing tests individual units or components of a code written by the developer to validate if they perform as expected.
Unit tests verify individual functions or components in isolation.
An Elastic stack can be created to automatically monitor the application and logs.
The ELK/Elastic stack centralises log collection and application monitoring.
Infrastructure-as-Code tools are used to create software environments using predefined templates.
IaC tools (Terraform, Ansible) provision infrastructure from code templates.
Replacing or modifying older apps with newer microservices architecture can open up the doors to faster development and quicker innovation.
Microservices decompose monoliths enabling independent deployment and faster delivery.
Runtime protection means securing software against threats that can arise when your application starts running.
Runtime protection addresses threats at execution time, e.g., RASP.
Use a SAST tool to ensure that your code is secure, safe, and reliable.
SAST tools analyse source code statically to find security vulnerabilities.
Vulnerability Scanning ensures that code is checked for vulnerabilities at every major stage of the delivery pipeline from the time it is written to, when it is deployed into production.
Continuous vulnerability scanning catches issues throughout the SDLC pipeline.
DSOMM strives to incrementally increase the effectiveness of a security program from Level 1 to Level 4.
DSOMM (DevSecOps Maturity Model) defines four maturity levels.
Employing both SAST and DAST in a pipeline would cover both codebase and runtime vulnerabilities.
SAST covers static code; DAST covers runtime — together they give broader coverage.
Security issues can be addressed in the SDLC pipeline well before deployment to production.
Shifting security left means catching issues early in the pipeline.
During the development phase in secure SDLC, teams need to make sure that they use secure coding standards.
Secure coding standards reduce vulnerabilities introduced during development.
DSOMM Level 1 calls for the execution of static analysis tools without any changes to the tools or settings.
DSOMM Level 1 is basic: run default static analysis tools unchanged.
SAC tools can both spot any security weak points and suggest potential solutions based on the entire code base.
Static Analysis Code (SAC) tools detect and suggest fixes for code vulnerabilities.
Implementing SCA ensures that all of the components in your applications are secure and compliant.
Software Composition Analysis (SCA) checks open-source components for known vulnerabilities.
Bill Of Materials (BOM) describe the components included in applications, the version of the components used, and the license types for each.
A Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) inventories components, versions, and licenses.
Any component that has the potential to adversely impact cyber supply-chain risk is a candidate for Component Analysis.
Component Analysis assesses supply-chain risk from third-party dependencies.
Static code analyzers help to define project specific rules to ensure that all developers follow them without any manual intervention or sidetracking.
Static analysers enforce coding rules automatically across the team.
Static Application Security Testing (SAST) is also known as 'black box testing.
SAST is 'white-box' testing (code visible); DAST is 'black-box' testing.
SAST tools examine the source code at rest to detect and report on potential security vulnerabilities.
SAST tools scan source code statically to detect security flaws.
SAST is performed at the static level ensuring that code guidelines are followed without actually executing the application.
SAST analyses source code without running it — white-box testing.
Ansible leverages SSH to communicate between servers.
Ansible uses SSH (agentless) to connect to and configure remote servers.
Ansible is an example of a pull based configuration management tool.
Ansible is push-based — it pushes configs to nodes over SSH.
You can also use Ansible Automation Platform for configuration management to maintain your systems in the desired state.
Ansible Automation Platform supports full configuration management.
In Push Based Configuration Management System, nodes pull the configuration information from the server.
In push-based systems, the server pushes configs to nodes — nodes do NOT pull.
Configuration drift occurs when ad-hoc configuration changes and updates result in a mismatched development, test, and deployment environments.
Configuration drift happens when environments diverge from their intended state.
Chef Automate is an integrated solution for managing and deploying infrastructure and applications.
Chef Automate provides a unified platform for infrastructure and app management.
InSpec can also run as a series of automated tests that execute as part of your standard release pipelines.
InSpec integrates into CI/CD pipelines as automated compliance tests.
Once you have categorized and prioritized vulnerabilities, break down your remediation process into bite- size chunks to make them more manageable and effective.
Breaking remediation into manageable pieces improves focus and progress.
Inspec uses a client-server model.
InSpec is agentless and does not use a client-server model.
ServerSpec lets you to include metadata about your compliance rules.
InSpec (not ServerSpec) supports rich metadata in compliance profiles.
With Chef Automate, you can run your InSpec compliance tests on demand, see the results on the dashboard, and remediate the problem.
Chef Automate provides on-demand InSpec scanning with dashboard results.
Vulnerability scanning tools can be used to identify specific local users and groups.
Vulnerability scanners can enumerate local accounts as part of their checks.
InSpec tests can be easily added to act as a quality gate for compliance.
InSpec tests can gate pipelines to enforce compliance requirements.
State true or false. During agile development more emphasis is given for documentation.
Agile values working software over comprehensive documentation.
Which agile methodology divides the development into sprint cycles, in which a specified set of features are delivered?
Scrum uses time-boxed sprints delivering a potentially shippable increment.
Which of these is NOT an Agile methodology?
The Spiral model is an SDLC model, not an Agile methodology.
Scrum divides the development into short cycles called as ______.
Scrum uses time-boxed Sprint Cycles.
Which methodology focuses on visualizing flow?
Kanban visualises workflow on boards and limits WIP to improve flow.
DSDM is iterative and incremental.
DSDM delivers in increments and iterates for refinement.
Collaborative and co-operative approach among all stakeholders is a feature of which Agile methodology?
DSDM emphasises active user involvement and stakeholder collaboration.
Which agile methodology depends most on team cohesiveness and individual commitment?
XP relies on practices like pair programming and collective ownership that need strong team commitment.
_____ methodology is useful when the client requirements are not clear and stable.
Agile accommodates evolving requirements through iterative delivery.
Which statement best reflects the Agile Manifesto?
Agile values responding to change over following a plan.
Who is responsible for maximizing product value in Scrum?
The Product Owner owns the Product Backlog and maximizes value.
Which event inspects the Increment and adapts the Product Backlog?
Sprint Review is for inspecting the increment and adapting the backlog with stakeholders.
Time-box of the Daily Scrum is:
Daily Scrum is a focused 15-minute event.
Definition of Done (DoD) ensures:
DoD is a shared understanding of completion and quality.
A Product Backlog item should follow INVEST. What does I stand for?
INVEST: Independent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, Testable.
Velocity in Scrum is:
Velocity tracks completed story points to aid forecasting.
Which chart shows remaining work against time in a sprint?
Burndown shows remaining work; burnup shows scope done vs total.
During Sprint Planning, the team commits to:
Sprint Planning creates a Sprint Goal and selects PBI to meet it.
Who removes impediments in Scrum?
Scrum Master serves the team by removing impediments.
Backlog prioritization technique often used in Agile:
MoSCoW: Must, Should, Could, Won’t.
Which practice is core to Extreme Programming?
XP emphasizes pair programming, TDD, CI, simple design.
Lean Software Development focuses primarily on:
Lean aims to remove waste and amplify learning to deliver value faster.
Kanban limits WIP to:
WIP limits reduce context switching and reveal bottlenecks.
DSDM prioritization uses:
DSDM popularized MoSCoW prioritization.
Crystal methodology adapts based on:
Crystal variants (Clear, Orange, etc.) depend on team size & criticality.
Feature-Driven Development (FDD) emphasizes:
FDD builds by feature with strong modeling upfront.
In XP, TDD stands for:
Write tests first, then code to make them pass.
Continuous Integration helps to:
CI integrates changes frequently, catching issues sooner.
Kanban board typical columns are:
Boards visualize workflow; exact columns can vary.
Lean concept “Build quality in” means:
Quality is built into the process via automation, TDD, and standards.
A good User Story format is:
That template captures role, goal, and value. Acceptance criteria often use GWT.
Story points measure:
Points are relative estimates of effort/complexity, not time.
Planning Poker is used for:
Team members estimate using cards to reach consensus.
Timeboxing means:
Agile fixes time (sprint), adjusts scope to meet goals.
Spikes are used to:
Spikes explore solutions or risks to inform future work.
Which is best when requirements are unclear?
Agile iterative approach welcomes changing requirements.
Risk-driven model primarily associated with:
Spiral iterates through risk identification and mitigation.
Minimum Viable Product (MVP) focuses on:
MVP tests assumptions with least effort to gather feedback.
Definition of Ready (DoR) ensures:
DoR ensures PBIs are actionable (clear, estimated, acceptance criteria).
Acceptance Criteria are used to:
AC define when a story is done from a user perspective and guide testing.
Which configuration concept ensures change happens in a controlled and authorized way?
A baseline is a formally approved version that changes only via control procedures.
Tom updates local work back to the configuration server. This process is called:
Check-in uploads your local changes to the server repository.
Which ensures parallel updates do not overwrite each other?
Synchronization/merge control coordinates concurrent edits and resolves conflicts.
________ is the process to implement changes in a controllable manner following a predefined model.
Change Management governs how changes are proposed, assessed, approved, and implemented.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cloud computing?
Employee name is a data attribute, not a performance indicator.
Agile prioritization often values:
Agile values working software and collaboration to deliver value.
In version control, Check-out means:
Check-out/clone/pull brings repo content to your machine.
Configuration Audit verifies:
Audits check that configuration items match their baselines and records.
SVN is a:
Apache Subversion (SVN) is a centralized VCS.
Scrum Master primarily serves:
Scrum Master is a servant-leader for the team and the organization.
Sprint Retrospective focuses on:
Retro inspects how the last sprint went and plans improvements.
Which is a pull-based system?
Kanban pulls work when capacity is available, respecting WIP limits.
WSJF (Weighted Shortest Job First) prioritizes by:
WSJF orders work by highest cost of delay divided by job size.
Agile teams should be:
Teams contain all skills to deliver increments and manage their own work.
Burndown chart trending flat indicates:
Flat line means the remaining work isn’t decreasing, signaling issues.
Refactoring aims to:
Refactoring cleans internal structure while preserving external behavior.
Which ceremony is time-boxed and for planning the next iteration?
Sprint Planning creates the Sprint Goal and plan.
Minimum marketable feature (MMF) is:
MMF is a coherent chunk that can be released for value.
A good Kanban WIP limit effect is:
Lower WIP reduces wait and increases flow efficiency.
Which agile methodology divides the development into sprint cycles, in which a Specified set of features are delivered? Choose from the following:
Scrum uses time-boxed sprints delivering a potentially shippable increment.
State true or false. During agile development more emphasize is given for documentation
Agile values working software over comprehensive documentation.
__________ is an iterative and incremental approach that embraces principles of agile development, including continuous user/customer involvement.
DSDM is an iterative, incremental agile method with continuous user involvement.
What are the roles in dynamic system development method? Choose from the following: Select one or more: a. System Analyst b. Scribe Facilitator c. Technical Coordinator
DSDM roles include Scribe Facilitator and Technical Coordinator among others.
_____ methodology focus on visualization flow a. Kanban b. Scrum c. DSDM
Kanban visualises workflow on boards and limits WIP to improve flow.
Which of the following agile methodologies depends on the cohesiveness of the team and individual commitment of the team members?
XP relies on collective ownership and pair programming which demand strong individual commitment.
From the options select the configuration items that are eligible for configuration management Select one or more: a. Source code document b. SRS c. Design Document
All four — Test Report, Design Document, Source code, and SRS — are configuration items.
________ is the process during which the changes of a system are implemented in a controllable manner by following a predefined model, with some reasonable modifications.
Change Management governs how changes are proposed, assessed, approved and implemented.
Which is the software configuration concept that ensures that change should be done in a controlled and authorized environment
A baseline is a formally approved version that changes only via controlled procedures.
Tom and Peter works on the same project. Tom does his work and update the local copy back to the configuration management server. This process is called as
Check-in uploads local changes back to the version control server.
____________ ensures that when two different people does the work and update parallelly, one should not over write the other
Synchronization control manages concurrent edits and prevents overwrites.
Collaborative and co-operative approach among all the stake holders is important. This is a feature of the _______________ Agile Methodology
DSDM emphasises active user involvement and stakeholder collaboration.
Which of these is not an agile methodology
The Spiral model is an SDLC model, not an Agile methodology.
Scrum divides the development into short cycles called as ______
Scrum uses time-boxed Sprint Cycles.
________ methodology is useful when the client requirements are not clear and stable
Agile accommodates evolving requirements through iterative delivery.
DSDM is iterative and incremental
DSDM delivers in increments and iterates for refinement.
Based on our question bank analysis, master these concepts to score high in Agile & DevOps.
"Focus on understanding the logic behind pseudocode loops and selection statements, as they form the bulk of technical assessments."